breakout/src/main.rs

use bevy::math::bounding::{Aabb2d, Bounded2d, BoundingCircle, BoundingVolume, IntersectsVolume};
use bevy::prelude::*;
use bevy::sprite::Anchor;
use core::f32::consts::PI;

use crate::debug::DebugPlugin;

mod debug;

const WORLD_SIZE: Vec2 = Vec2::new(480., 640.);

#[derive(States, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Default)]
enum GameState {
    #[default]
    Build,
    Serve,
    Play,
    Over,
}

#[derive(Resource, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
struct Level(u8);

#[derive(Resource, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Deref)]
struct Lives(u8);

impl Default for Lives {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self(3)
    }
}

#[derive(Resource, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default, Deref)]
struct Score(u64);

fn main() {
    App::new()
        .insert_resource(ClearColor(Color::BLACK))
        .init_resource::<Level>()
        .init_resource::<Score>()
        .init_resource::<Lives>()
        .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins.set(WindowPlugin {
            // Until there's a reliable way to hint that a game window should
            // float on tiling window managers, the most reliable way to achieve
            // that is to define a fixed non-resizable window.
            //
            // https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit/issues/862#issuecomment-2047791401
            primary_window: Some(Window {
                canvas: Some("#breakout".into()),
                resize_constraints: WindowResizeConstraints {
                    min_width: WORLD_SIZE.x,
                    min_height: WORLD_SIZE.y,
                    max_width: WORLD_SIZE.x,
                    max_height: WORLD_SIZE.y,
                },
                ..default()
            }),
            ..default()
        }))
        .add_plugins(DebugPlugin)
        .init_state::<GameState>()
        .add_systems(Startup, setup)
        .add_systems(
            FixedUpdate,
            (
                (collisions, cleared_level, void_out, move_ball)
                    .chain()
                    .run_if(in_state(GameState::Play)),
                move_paddle,
                show_score,
                show_lives.run_if(resource_changed::<Lives>),
                serve_ball.run_if(in_state(GameState::Serve)),
            )
                .chain(),
        )
        .add_systems(OnEnter(GameState::Build), build_level)
        .add_systems(OnEnter(GameState::Over), reset_game)
        .run();
}

fn setup(
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
    mut materials: ResMut<Assets<ColorMaterial>>,
) {
    commands.spawn((
        Camera2d,
        Transform::from_translation((WORLD_SIZE / 2.).extend(0.)),
    ));

    commands.spawn(Ball::build(&mut meshes, &mut materials));

    commands.spawn(Wall::top());
    commands.spawn(Wall::left());
    commands.spawn(Wall::right());
    // There's no bottom wall because that's a void plane instead.
    commands.spawn((
        VoidPlane(Plane2d::new(Vec2::Y)),
        Transform::from_translation(Vec3::ZERO),
    ));
    commands.add_observer(on_void_out);

    commands.spawn((
        Paddle,
        Sprite::from_color(Paddle::COLOR, Vec2::ONE),
        Transform {
            translation: Vec3::new(WORLD_SIZE.x / 2., Paddle::SIZE.y / 2. + Paddle::GAP, 0.),
            scale: Paddle::SIZE.extend(1.),
            ..default()
        },
        Collider::Aabb(Aabb2d::new(Vec2::ZERO, Paddle::SIZE / 2.)),
    ));

    commands.spawn((
        ScoreText,
        Text2d::default(),
        TextLayout::justify(Justify::Right),
        Anchor::BOTTOM_RIGHT,
        Transform::from_translation(Vec3::new(WORLD_SIZE.x - 8., WORLD_SIZE.y - HUD_HEIGHT, 1.)),
    ));

    commands.add_observer(start_game);
}

#[derive(Component, Debug)]
struct Ball;

impl Ball {
    const COLOR: Color = Color::LinearRgba(LinearRgba::GREEN);
    const RADIUS: f32 = 8.;
    const SPAWN_POSITION: Vec2 = Vec2::new(WORLD_SIZE.x / 2., 40.);
    const SERVE_SPEED: f32 = 200.;
    const MAX_SPEED: f32 = 900.;

    fn build(
        meshes: &mut ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
        materials: &mut ResMut<Assets<ColorMaterial>>,
    ) -> impl Bundle {
        (
            Ball,
            Mesh2d(meshes.add(Circle::new(Ball::RADIUS))),
            MeshMaterial2d(materials.add(Ball::COLOR)),
            Transform::from_translation(Ball::SPAWN_POSITION.extend(0.)),
            Velocity(Vec2::ZERO),
        )
    }
}

#[derive(Component, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Deref, DerefMut)]
struct Velocity(Vec2);

#[derive(Component, Debug)]
struct Wall;

impl Wall {
    const COLOR: Color = Color::LinearRgba(LinearRgba::rgb(0.5, 0.5, 0.5));
    const THICKNESS: f32 = 4.;

    const LENGTH_VERTICAL: f32 = WORLD_SIZE.y - HUD_HEIGHT;

    fn top() -> impl Bundle {
        (
            Wall,
            Sprite::from_color(Wall::COLOR, Vec2::ONE),
            Transform {
                translation: Vec3::new(
                    WORLD_SIZE.x / 2.,
                    WORLD_SIZE.y - Wall::THICKNESS / 2. - HUD_HEIGHT,
                    0.,
                ),
                scale: Vec3::new(WORLD_SIZE.x, Wall::THICKNESS, 1.),
                ..default()
            },
            Collider::Plane(Plane2d::new(Vec2::NEG_Y)),
        )
    }

    fn left() -> impl Bundle {
        let x = Wall::THICKNESS / 2.;
        (
            Wall,
            Sprite::from_color(Wall::COLOR, Vec2::ONE),
            Transform {
                translation: Vec3::new(x, Self::LENGTH_VERTICAL / 2., 0.),
                scale: Vec3::new(Wall::THICKNESS, Self::LENGTH_VERTICAL, 1.),
                ..default()
            },
            Collider::Plane(Plane2d::new(Vec2::X)),
        )
    }

    fn right() -> impl Bundle {
        let x = WORLD_SIZE.x - Wall::THICKNESS / 2.;
        (
            Wall,
            Sprite::from_color(Wall::COLOR, Vec2::ONE),
            Transform {
                translation: Vec3::new(x, Self::LENGTH_VERTICAL / 2., 0.),
                scale: Vec3::new(Wall::THICKNESS, Self::LENGTH_VERTICAL, 1.),
                ..default()
            },
            Collider::Plane(Plane2d::new(Vec2::NEG_X)),
        )
    }
}

#[derive(Component, Debug)]
struct Paddle;

impl Paddle {
    const COLOR: Color = Color::LinearRgba(LinearRgba::rgb(0., 1., 1.));
    const SIZE: Vec2 = Vec2::new(60., 10.);
    const GAP: f32 = 4.;
    const SPEED: f32 = WORLD_SIZE.x / 2.;
}

#[derive(Component, Debug)]
enum Collider {
    Aabb(Aabb2d),
    Plane(Plane2d),
}

fn collisions(
    mut commands: Commands,
    ball: Single<(&Transform, &mut Velocity), With<Ball>>,
    colliders: Query<
        (
            Entity,
            &Transform,
            &Collider,
            Option<&Brick>,
            Option<&Paddle>,
        ),
        Without<Ball>,
    >,
    mut score: ResMut<Score>,
) {
    let (transform, mut velocity) = ball.into_inner();
    let circle = BoundingCircle::new(transform.translation.truncate(), Ball::RADIUS);

    for (entity, transform, collider, brick, paddle) in colliders {
        let tx = transform.translation.truncate();

        let target = match collider {
            Collider::Aabb(aabb) => aabb.translated_by(tx),
            Collider::Plane(plane) => plane.aabb_2d(tx),
        };
        if !target.intersects(&circle) {
            continue;
        }

        if brick.is_some() {
            commands.entity(entity).despawn();
            score.0 += Brick::SCORE;
        }

        let point = target.closest_point(circle.center);
        let normal = match collider {
            Collider::Plane(plane) => plane.normal.as_vec2(),
            Collider::Aabb(_) => {
                let dist = circle.center - point;

                if dist.x.abs() > dist.y.abs() {
                    if dist.x < 0. { Vec2::NEG_X } else { Vec2::X }
                } else if dist.y < 0. {
                    Vec2::NEG_Y
                } else {
                    Vec2::Y
                }
            }
        };

        // Only reflect if the current velocity has a component moving *against*
        // the box face's normal vector. This allows the ball to exit the box
        // without getting stuck "re-colliding" with it.
        //
        // Put another way, if the ball is already moving in the same direction
        // that the plane would bounce it, that's not a real collision!
        if velocity.dot(normal) >= 0. {
            continue;
        }

        let mut v = velocity.reflect(normal);

        if paddle.is_some() && normal == Vec2::Y {
            let offset = (point.x - tx.x) / Paddle::SIZE.x;
            let tilt = (0.).lerp(-PI / 4., offset);

            let angle = (v.to_angle() + tilt).clamp(PI / 6., 5. * PI / 6.);
            let mag = v.length() * (1. + offset.abs() / 2.);

            v = Vec2::from_angle(angle).rotate(Vec2::X * mag);
        }

        velocity.0 = v.clamp_length_max(Ball::MAX_SPEED);
    }
}

fn move_ball(time: Res<Time>, ball: Single<(&mut Transform, &Velocity), With<Ball>>) {
    let (mut transform, velocity) = ball.into_inner();
    transform.translation += velocity.extend(0.) * time.delta_secs();
}

fn move_paddle(
    time: Res<Time>,
    input: Res<ButtonInput<KeyCode>>,
    mut paddle: Single<&mut Transform, With<Paddle>>,
) {
    let mut v = Vec3::ZERO;
    if input.pressed(KeyCode::ArrowLeft) {
        v.x -= 1.;
    }
    if input.pressed(KeyCode::ArrowRight) {
        v.x += 1.;
    }

    if v == Vec3::ZERO {
        return;
    }

    paddle.translation += v.normalize() * Paddle::SPEED * time.delta_secs();

    let w = Paddle::SIZE.x / 2.;
    paddle.translation.x = paddle.translation.x.clamp(w, WORLD_SIZE.x - w);
}

fn serve_ball(
    input: Res<ButtonInput<KeyCode>>,
    paddle: Single<&Transform, (With<Paddle>, Without<Ball>)>,
    ball: Single<(&mut Transform, &mut Velocity), With<Ball>>,
    mut game_state: ResMut<NextState<GameState>>,
) {
    let (mut transform, mut velocity) = ball.into_inner();
    if input.pressed(KeyCode::Space) {
        velocity.0 = Vec2::from_angle(-PI / 6.).rotate(Ball::SERVE_SPEED * Vec2::Y);
        game_state.set(GameState::Play)
    } else {
        transform.translation =
            paddle.translation + Vec3::ZERO.with_y(Paddle::SIZE.y + Ball::RADIUS);
    }
}

#[derive(Event, Debug)]
struct VoidOut;

#[derive(Component, Debug, Deref, DerefMut)]
struct VoidPlane(Plane2d);

fn void_out(
    mut commands: Commands,
    ball: Single<&Transform, With<Ball>>,
    planes: Query<(&VoidPlane, &Transform), Without<Ball>>,
) {
    let circle = BoundingCircle::new(ball.translation.truncate(), Ball::RADIUS);

    for (plane, transform) in planes {
        let plane = plane.aabb_2d(transform.translation.truncate());

        if plane.intersects(&circle) {
            commands.trigger(VoidOut);
            return;
        }
    }
}

fn on_void_out(
    _: On<VoidOut>,
    mut ball: Single<&mut Velocity, With<Ball>>,
    mut game_state: ResMut<NextState<GameState>>,
    mut lives: ResMut<Lives>,
) {
    ball.0 = Vec2::ZERO;
    lives.0 = lives.0.saturating_sub(1);
    if lives.0 == 0 {
        game_state.set(GameState::Over);
    } else {
        game_state.set(GameState::Serve)
    }
}

#[derive(Component, Debug)]
struct Brick;

impl Brick {
    const SCORE: u64 = 100;
    const SIZE: Vec2 = Vec2::new(50., 20.);
    const GAP: f32 = 10.;
    const COLORS: [Color; 8] = [
        Color::LinearRgba(LinearRgba::rgb(1., 0., 0.)),  // red
        Color::LinearRgba(LinearRgba::rgb(1., 0.5, 0.)), // orange
        Color::LinearRgba(LinearRgba::rgb(1., 1., 0.)),  // yellow
        Color::LinearRgba(LinearRgba::rgb(0., 1., 0.)),  // green
        Color::LinearRgba(LinearRgba::rgb(0., 1., 1.)),  // cyan
        Color::LinearRgba(LinearRgba::rgb(0., 0., 1.)),  // blue
        Color::LinearRgba(LinearRgba::rgb(0.5, 0., 1.)), // purple
        Color::LinearRgba(LinearRgba::rgb(1., 0., 1.)),  // magenta
    ];

    fn build(pos: Vec2, color: Color) -> impl Bundle {
        (
            Brick,
            Sprite::from_color(color, Vec2::ONE),
            Transform {
                translation: pos.extend(0.),
                scale: Brick::SIZE.extend(1.),
                ..default()
            },
            Collider::Aabb(Aabb2d::new(Vec2::ZERO, Brick::SIZE / 2.)),
        )
    }
}

fn cleared_level(
    mut level: ResMut<Level>,
    mut ball: Single<&mut Velocity, With<Ball>>,
    mut game_state: ResMut<NextState<GameState>>,
    bricks: Query<(), With<Brick>>,
) {
    if bricks.is_empty() {
        ball.0 = Vec2::ZERO;
        level.0 += 1;
        game_state.set(GameState::Build);
    }
}

fn build_level(
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut game_state: ResMut<NextState<GameState>>,
    level: Res<Level>,
) {
    let rows = 3 + level.0;

    let half_cols = ((WORLD_SIZE.x / 2. / (Brick::SIZE.x + Brick::GAP)) - 1.).floor() as i32;

    let start = Vec2::new(
        WORLD_SIZE.x / 2.,
        WORLD_SIZE.y - HUD_HEIGHT - Wall::THICKNESS - 3. * Brick::GAP,
    );

    for r in 0..rows {
        let color = Brick::COLORS[(r as usize) % Brick::COLORS.len()];
        for c in -half_cols..=half_cols {
            let x = start.x + (c as f32) * (Brick::SIZE.x + Brick::GAP);
            let y = start.y - (r as f32) * (Brick::SIZE.y + Brick::GAP);
            commands.spawn(Brick::build(Vec2::new(x, y), color));
        }
    }

    game_state.set(GameState::Serve);
}

const HUD_HEIGHT: f32 = 24.;

#[derive(Component, Debug)]
struct ScoreText;

fn show_score(score: Res<Score>, mut text: Single<&mut Text2d, With<ScoreText>>) {
    text.0 = score.to_string();
}

#[derive(Component, Debug)]
struct LivesDot(u8);

impl LivesDot {
    const RADIUS: f32 = 5.;

    fn build(
        meshes: &mut ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
        materials: &mut ResMut<Assets<ColorMaterial>>,
        n: u8,
    ) -> impl Bundle {
        let x = Self::RADIUS * (2. + 3. * n as f32);
        let y = WORLD_SIZE.y - HUD_HEIGHT / 2.;
        (
            LivesDot(n),
            Mesh2d(meshes.add(Circle::new(Self::RADIUS))),
            MeshMaterial2d(materials.add(Ball::COLOR)),
            Transform::from_translation(Vec3::new(x, y, 1.)),
        )
    }
}

fn show_lives(
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
    mut materials: ResMut<Assets<ColorMaterial>>,
    lives: Res<Lives>,
    dots: Query<(Entity, &LivesDot)>,
) {
    let actual: u8 = dots.iter().len().try_into().expect("small number of lives");
    let expected = **lives;

    for (entity, dot) in dots {
        let n = dot.0;
        if n >= expected {
            commands.entity(entity).despawn();
        }
    }

    for n in actual..expected {
        commands.spawn(LivesDot::build(&mut meshes, &mut materials, n));
    }
}

fn reset_game(mut commands: Commands) {
    let mut delayed = commands.delayed();
    delayed.secs(3.).trigger(StartGame);
}

#[derive(Event, Debug)]
struct StartGame;

fn start_game(
    _: On<StartGame>,
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut score: ResMut<Score>,
    mut lives: ResMut<Lives>,
    mut level: ResMut<Level>,
    mut game_state: ResMut<NextState<GameState>>,
    bricks: Query<Entity, With<Brick>>,
) {
    *score = Score::default();
    *lives = Lives::default();
    *level = Level::default();

    for brick in bricks {
        commands.entity(brick).despawn();
    }

    game_state.set(GameState::default());
}